In this interdisciplinary study at the intersection of philosophical and religion studies, I analyse the concepts "subject" and "subjectivity". In the light of the ontological approach, subjectivity appears as the fundamental characteristic of the culture that shapes all its spheres. I identify and analyse religious foundations of subjectivity and argue that it is always constituted as a relationship between a person (subject) and some extra-subjective reality (nature, God, society etc.). Then I trace the historical dynamics of Western European subjectivity in terms of three paradigmatic shifts: in the Ancient world, Middle ages, and Modernity. Finally, I reflect on the beginning of the 21st century as a period of the fourth paradigmatic shift of subjectivity, considering the emergence and development of modern information and communication technologies as one of the essential prerequisites of this shift.
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